We are in a moment in which finally we have realized the unsustainability of our energetic system and the caducity and depletion of the fossil energies. Finally we have assumed that we need new energies that avoid the deterioration accelerated towards our planet and especially they allow to support the level of development of our society.

To the time we have a sector since(as,like) it(he) is that of the Social Economy that has been kept nearby and still(yet) it(he,she) is kept to the agricultural way, and here we can find the solution to the energetic needs of the markets.

Debido a su naturaleza incontrolable, una vez más la economía capitalista pide socorro a los mismos que margina, bajo amenaza de desempleo y hambre. Sin ningún tipo de escrúpulos, los defensores acérrimos del laissez faire, en tiempos idílicos de desmesura y ambición, de pronto se revelan keynesianos e intervencionistas cuando termina la fiesta. Actualmente el papel que nos toca a los investigadores de la economía social consiste en interrogarnos sobre el rol que deben jugar las cooperativas en un mundo colapsado económicamente.

The goal of this paper is analyzing the evolution of co-operative societies and labor societies (sociedades laborales) in the Spanish territory during the period 1989-2007. As well as it´s pretended to relate the economic context in which these entities are developing their activities and to study their contribution to economic development and job creation. For that, we will use two analysis related to the methodology of convergence, β-convergence (beta-convergence) and δ-convergence (sigma-convergence).

The global financial crisis and threat of world-wide recession has focused attention on the need for looking at alternate avenues of increasing employment. At the same time, the other interlinked facets of societal crises, which have increasingly been urgent concerns over the past few years, such as “the substantial and multiple environment crises” and “the crises that result from failure to meet peoples’ demand for justice and fair treatment” of which gender inequities are a major component, need to be also addressed.

Creating employment and environment, social and economic sustainability through Kudumbhashre programme in Kerala * Dr.T.Paranjothi
** K.Ravichandran Kerala is a State with an impressive array of achievements in the field of women development.